Internal combustion engine



ug- 10 1937- A. MooRHousE 2,089,288

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE /k FRED /YUDHHUL/.Sff

Aug.` 10, 1937. A, MooRHoUsE 2,089,288'

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 4, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ALFREDMUR/@U55 Aug. 1 0, 1937. A. MOORQOUSE 2,089,288

INTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGINE Filed Dec. 4, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Z7 Z5//l/h.. ""l// a gnvento'c ALF/i150 Maman/55 Chiro: ne

Patented Aug. 10, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINE Application December 4, 1930, Serial No. 500,013

12 Claims.

`This invention relates to internal combustion engines and moreparticularly to automatic controls Vfor radiator shutters in an enginecooling system.

Thermostats for actuating motor vehicle radiator shutters are usuallymounted in the radiator head or in a position where they are responsiveto the temperature of the cooling water leaving the engine head. As suchtemperature is the hottest in a cycle of the water circulation, theyshutters are not operated in response to an average temperature, and asa result they are opened too soon which subjects the water in theradiator to a cooling blast before the desired average high temperaturehas been reached. In cold weather, and more in particular during thehigher vehicle speeds, this form of control of the shutters will cause atemperature'fluctuation which is undesirable for the best engine runningconditions.

' An object of the invention is to provide a control for the shuttersassociated with an engine radiator which is arranged to be responsive tothe most nearly constant water temperature in the cooling system.

Another object of the invention is to provide .a thermostat control for'the shutters associated with an engine radiator which is responsive tothe cooling water temperature at the outlet of the radiator.

i A further object of the invention is to provide la controlling meansfor the mechanism operating radiator shutters in an engine coolingsystem which is of a unitary nature and readily detachable or assembledas such.

, V'Still another object of theinvention is to provide a shutter controlthermostat mechanism for an engine radiator which is responsive to thetemperature of a selective mixture of water flowing from thev outlet ofthe radiator and to the head of the radiator from the engine.

Still a further object of the invention is to vprovide a thermostatmechanism for operating engine radiator shutters which can be readilyadjusted to vary the effect of temperatures thereon.

' These and other objects of the invention will appearl from thefollowing description taken in 5 connection with the drawings, whichform a part of this specification, and in which:

Fig. l is a View, partially in elevation and partially'in section, of apart of an internal combustion engine and a radiator for motor vehicles",'jin'` which the invention has been incorporated;

(Cl. 12S-17 4) Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of the thermostatic controlunit, taken on line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the radiator inlet pipe and a portion ofthe thermostatic unit shown in Fig. 1 but in a slightly modiiied form;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the thermostatic unit, uppertank and inlet pipe shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a top plan View, partly in section, of the mechanism utilizedin operating the radiator lo shutters;

Fig. 6 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation, of thethermostatic unit shown in Fig. 4 in a different position of adjustment;

Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the cam and fol- 15 lower utilized inadjusting the tension of the springs of the thermostatic control unit.

The present invention deals particularly with means for controlling therate of heat transfer from the cooling system of an internal com- 20bustion engine wherein a thermostatic element is surrounded by thecooling fluid and is moved in accordance with the temperature thereof tocontrol shutters or the like associated to regulate the passage of airthrough the radiator of 25 the cooling system.

Referring now to the drawings by characters of reference, I0 representsgenerally a watercooled type of internal combustion engine having ashaft II at the front end thereof. This 30 shaft extends into acompartment I1 and has4 fixed thereto a pump I2 within the compartmentand a fan I3 xed to the end adjacent the rear of the radiator I4. Apulley I5 is fixed to the shaft and is driven by a belt AI0 from amoving 35 part of the engine in the usual manner.

The radiator I4 is of the conventional type and includes a shell 2 I, acore 22, an upper header 23 and a lower header 3l. The upper header isprovided with an inlet or filler neck 24, while 40 an outlet conduit 32extends from the lower header to the compartment I1 formed in the frontend of the engine casting. Water flows through the engine casting in theusual manner under pressure, being driven from the compart- 45 ment I1through an outlet I8 and moves through the engine outlet neck 35 and aninlet neck 31 associated with the upper radiator header and a hoseconnection 36 which joins the engine outlet neck 35 and the radiatorinlet neck 31. 50

A thermostatic unit, indicated generally at 50, is detachably secured tothe rear end of the upper radiator header and the depending neck 31 bymeans of bolts I9, and an axially movable rod 52 extends from thethermostat unit through 55 a sleeve 28 projecting forwardly of theradiator. 'I'his rod 52 is pivotally connected with a bell crank 53which is pivoted to the housing 2l) and to the rod 54 which is fastenedto a bracket 55 secured to a control bar 56 to which the shutters arepivotally connected. Reciprocation of the rod 52 by the thermostat unitwill reciprocate the bar 56 in a direction perpendicular thereto throughmeans of the bell crank lever 53 and the rod 54 and will control theangular position of the shutters 5l upon their pivots 25 so that thevolume of air which passes through the radiator core is in this mannerautomatically controlled.

The thermostatic unit includes a pair of telescoped spaced cup-shapedvmembers 51 and 58 which are joined together at their open ends in anysuitable manner to vprovide' a cylindrical chamber through which apartof the viiuid' in the cooling system is shunted. A neck 26 is se.- curedto the lower portion of the casing 51 and provides a." passage Y6|"Whichconnects the space between the members '51 and 58' with a passage42which exten'dsitransvers'ely through the header neck 31, andtothispassage "42 there is connected'a 'coriduit4iV leading vfrom thecompartment |`1 in which.Y the 'jpump'- l2 'is housed and in which waterYor a fluid' is"conducted through the conduit 32 from the lower headerof the radiator. The pump- 12, asbefore' explained, moves the coolingfluid'through an outlet 'I8 to the engine casting, and it also, movessome of the fluid in the Acor'npartment Il through any outlet whichleadsto the conduit 4l Wherefrom'it goes through the Passages l4,72 and6l into thefspace' between the casings 51 and 58-oflthe thermostaticunit and such fluid moves 'back'. into theradiator'header fromfthechamberbetween thefvmembers 51 and 58 through a passage 62 formed inaneck 21 Y whichsecured to themember 51. The bolts I9 extend through theVnecks 26 and 21 and detachablysecure the thermostat unitto the neck 31and the rearend of the radiator header. l

Within the outer end of the inner shell 58 is arranged a plate 43rintowhich the end of the rod 52 is screwed. A disk 44 is arrangedtransversely at. ythe,Qpenfrontjeridgof..the shell I58 .and issolderedor otherwise secured in leak-proof relation thereto.thermostaticnbellows 59 is sealed at one endtpshe diskV 44 andl at theother end to rthe plate 43 and is-expansible or `contracti'ble axiallyto reciprocate the rplate 43 in. response to the expansionorcontractionof a fluid contained in; the spa-ce between the bellows and the shell58, anda the disk -44 and., the-.plate4 3 which is. influencedbythetemperature-of the cooling system uid which is moved through; thespace between thegmembers 51. and 58. There is a pilot member4.5ssecured in leak-proof relation with the casingelements-,51 and 58which is adapted toentera recess 46 in .the plate 43.

A sleeve member 41is'ixed to the rear end of thefheader telescoping therod 52 and projecting axially into the bellows 59 through thedisk 44,anda cage 48 having inturned end flanges telescopes the sleeve 4'1 andis arranged infspaced relation therewith within the bellows. A disk 49is rotatablymounted. upon the. sleeve' 4,1,V adjacent the rear end ofthe header and has a finger 63 fixed thereto for manualengagement. The.disk is formedwithl'a rearwardly extending sleeve Vwhich terminates inan inturned flange' 64v which is of an irregular or cam form.vCooperating with thefcam-face of the disk sleeve is-another cam :memberwhich consists-of yak sleeve portion 65 terminating at its forward endin an out-turned ange 66 formed substantially complementary to the camface 64. This sleeve 65 closely telescopes the sleeve 41 and is providedwith a tongue 61 which projects into an axially extending slot 68 formedin the sleeve 41. The projection of the tongue into the slot 68 of thestationary sleeve member 41 will permit axial movement of the, cammember 65 but will prevent its rotation. Ai spring retainer 69 iscarried by the sleeve cami member 65 and a pair of telescoping coilsprings and 1| bear at one end against the retainer while the innerspring bears at its other end against the plate 43 and the outer springbears against the inturned end of the cage 48. The retainer is formedwith a tongue 12 for separating the twosets of springs.

The cam member 49 when adjusted into'compleinentary positionA with thecam 66 will permit the inner spring to move the plate 43 adjacent theend Wall of the casing element 58, but when the cam member 49 is rotated180 itwill move the cam member 65 axially yand thereforaplace the spring1I under greatertension-than it is when the cam faces are complementaryVIn order to retain the cams in this adjustment, the cam face 64 isprovided with adepression T4 and the cam face 66 is formed with a boss15 Ywhich is arranged to seat within the recess: l'4'andV maintain thecam members in theirA adjusted position when turned 180 from-V theircomplementary relation. Itis -obvious thatwith the cam members in theposition shown irrV Figxv the tension of the inner spring willbejgreater than When the cam'faces are complementary, and consequentlywith the greater spring tension there Will have to bea' greaterpressurel againstV the plate 43V in order to move the rod forwardlyitoopen the shutters than would be necessaryy when the cam faces arecomplementaryand the tension of the inner spring is. less', such asshown in Fig. 4. The outer spring serves to limit the compression of thebellows .and it will'be seen'V that the cage 48` can be moved forwardlywith respect to the spring retainer Vbut not'rearwardly there'- Y ingtheshutters in wideopen positiong'whereas in Fig. 4 the rod 52 is inshutters. s

It will be seenv that withthe arrangement for shunting the cooling fluidfrom the lower header of the radiator substantially directly t'othethermostat the temperature ofthe water inthe lower header of theradiator willv control the thermostat and, consequently, the position ofthe shutters; however, if it is desired to raise the average temperatureof the cooling'uid which is shunted around the thermostat vso tha't'itwill be of a higher temperature than thev temperaturey of the coolingfluid in the bottom radiator header', 1' provide an angular passage 11which establishes communication between the neck 31 andy the passage4'2'. This passage-iscontrolled bya valve 31a which can be adjustedtowcl'ose ther passage or to admit a variable volume of water leavingthe engine to enter the passage-42 and'. mingle'with the cooling waterwhich is flowing from thelconduit 4i. The iiud passing-'upwardly throughthe passageV 42` will havejan ejector action on the fluid in the passageHand, when the valve is open, iiuid will be drawn from the passage 31position closing the 2,089,288 "3 through the passage T into the'passage 42. inlet portion of the engine, means for moving in- Throughmeans of this valve I can Vary the temcoming fluid in the engine throughthe engine perature conditions under which the shutters will and throughthe chamber to the radiator in sepabe actuated and this can likewise bedone through rate streams, and a valve means adjustable to 5 theadjustment of the cam member. 'It will be establish a connection of thestreams to admit seen that the valve is a temperature regulator warmerfluid from the engine into the cooler while the cam is a pressureregulator, however stream flowing to the chamber. they both effect thesame result upon the shaft 52. 5. In combination with a cooling systemfor an With the mechanism above described, I am able internalcombustionengine including a radiator,

lo to utilize the temperature of the water in the "a, thermostat forregulating the rate of heat lower radiator header without anysubstantial transfer ef the System Operative by heat trans influencefrom the heat of the engine to regulate fer from the cooling fluid, aconduit leading from the thermostat for controlling the shutter postheradiator outlet through the engine outlet to tion, end eS 'thetemperature O the Water at the thermostat,and means comprising avalvefor this point of the circulating system is the most compensating forseasonal changes in the am- GenStent I thereby eliminate unnecessaryOpenbient temperature adapted to admit selectively to ing and ClOSing Ofthe Shutters Which results the thermostat only cooling fiuid from theradiawhen the thermostat is responsive to the temtor outlet or a mixtureof uuid from said outlet perature of the cooling fluid leaving theengine. and fluid from the engine Outlet,

In addition, I provide simple mechanisms for 6 In a circulating fluidcooling System for an regulating the ifeSlnOnSe 0f the thermostat t0 theinternal combustion engine, a radiator connected Water tempee'tl'leConditions and also prei/1de in circuit with the engine cooling system,shutters e thermostat mt Which @an be Teedly assembled for the radiator,control means for the shutters 0f disengaged from the edeterincluding athermostat, means connecting the Although the invention has beendescribed in space around the thermostat in circuit with the connectionwith a specific embodiment, the prinradiator, means for Varying thetemperature of ciples involved are susceptible of numerous other the uidflowing around the thermostat and epplieetiOnS Wnien Will readily000111" t0 persons means including a cam for adjusting the thermoskilledin the art. The invention is therefore to Stat to Vary the temperatureat which it Win be be limited only as indicated by the scope of theactuated by the fluiot appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. In a circulating fluid cooling system for an internal combustionengine, a radiator connected in circuit with the engine, shutters forthe radiator, control means for the shutters including a thermostat, andmeans for moving cooling t Q01-n i i o uid from the system .around thethermostat at sktll'med 1 fou rlggn trolllagdhatte vglgigee a'temperature determfned enlilrely by the, mean fluid passages to thethermostat, and means con- 40 temperature of the uld entermg and leavmgthe nected to the engine outlet and associated with engine.

2. In a circulating fluid cooling system for an internal combustionengine, a radiator connected in circuit with the engine to provide afluid circulating system, shutters for the radiator, a unitarythermostat structure, means for moving a stream of cooling fluid flowingfrom the outlet of the engine and from the outlet of the radiator aroundthe thermostat under all engine operating conditions, linkage connectingthe thermostat with the shutters and operable by the thermostat tocontrol the position of the shutters, and means to re late the temMature of h i detachably securingthe thermostat unit to the to thgethermostat, 5nd means fiereadljlutirlgFV Tear end 0f the f a'dlatmfthermostat to establish the temperature at which 3- In a' Clrculatmg uldCoohng System for an it will be actuated by the fluid temperatureinternal combustion engine, a radiator connected Q In a circulatingfluid Cooling System for an in circuit With the engine a fluid inletComparti' internal combustion en gine, a radiator connected mentassociated with the engine, a thermostat in Circuit with the engine,shutters for the rahaving a surrounding chamber in communicadiatorControl means for the shutt i ers including tion with the engine inletcompartment and the a thermostat and means Connectin g the tnemoto tdriven pump for causing the circulation of fluid gme outlet durmg auengine Operating Condi" through the engine a Conduit for Conducting thetions whereby the thermostat will be actuated eniiuid from the engine tothe radiator, and a con- @rely in tesponse to the temperature of thecom' duit through which a part of the cooling fluid bmed mds' from theradiator passes to said chamber, the 10; In a tooling System for annterflal Pom.' latter conduit being located so as to be heated bustionengine, a radiator connected in circuit by Said fluid after its passagethrough the engine. with the engine, shutters .for the radiator, control4. In a circulating fluid cooling system for an Ineens OI tlleShuttenlnelllding e thelinOStat, internal combustion engine, a radiatorconnected Open Ineens OT Conducting the COOllng luld from in circuitwith the engine, shutters for the radiathe radiator t0 the thermostatllnfler ell engine tor, control means for the shutters including a,operating conditions, means for conducting the thermostat, a chambersurrounding the thermofluid IOIn the engine t0 the radiator and meansstat and connected with the radiator and the uid for causing a portionof the heat m the fluid 7. In a circulating fluid cooling system for aninternal combustion engine, a radiator connected in circuit with theengine, shutters for the radiator, control means for the shuttersincluding a thermostat, means connecting the thermostat in radiatorwhereby fluid flowing from the engine will warm the cooler fluid flowingfrom the radiator to the thermostat.

8. In a circulating fluid cooling system for an internal combustionengine, a radiator connected in circuit with the engine, shutters forthe radiator, control means for the shutters including a thermostat,means for connecting the thermostat in circuit with and open to theradiator during all engine operating conditions, means adjustablecircuit with the radiator whereby a portion of the connection betweenthe thermostat and the from( the engine to be transmitted to the fluidpassing from the radiator to the` thermostat. Y

11. In a cooling Vsystem for any internalV com.- bustion engine, aradiator connected in 'circuit with the engine, shutters for theradiator, rcontrol means for the shutter including a thermostat, meansfor conducting the uid from the engine conduit for conducting the iiuidfrom the radiator'to'the thermostat,` said l conduit being located to beheated by the fluid in the circuit flowing from the engine to theradiator.

12,. In, a,v coolingrsystem for an internal combustion, engine, aradiator connected in circuit with the engine, shutters for theradiator, control means; for .the shutters including a thermostat, meansfor conducting, uid flowing from the radiator to thethermostat, andmeans for varying thetemperature of the fluid flowing to the thermostatin, accordance with the temperature of .the cooling ud' leavingtheengine.

ALFRED MoORHoUsE.

